Lab.work

SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

MP3 AUDIO 3.1

1.

Educational Institutions in Order	England	the USA	Australia
1	primary school (age 5)	elementary school (age 6)	Primary school (5)
2	secondary (11-16)	Junior high school (11)	Intermediate school (11)
3	GSCE (16)	Senior high school (14)	High school (13)
4	A-level (18)	High school (16)

2. 1. Before they start school, very young children in Britain may go to a nursery school where they play with other children and learn to socialize.

British children start primary school at the age of 5 and move to a secondary school at 11 or 13. At the age of 18 or 19 they may go on to further education at a university, polytechnic or college.

At the age of 16, British pupils take GCSE exams. They may stay on at school to take A-level two years later when they are in the Sixth form.

A British school or university year is divided into three terms; in America the year is divided into two terms.

In Britain, private boarding schools are known as public schools – in the USA, this term refers to the normal kind or state schools.

At the end of a university course, graduates are awarded a degree- probably a BA Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) or Bed (Bachelor of Education); post-graduates can take a further course or do research and write a dissertation in the hope of getting an MA (Master of Arts) or a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy).

3. Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to education is stated in the constitution of the Russia Federation. It's ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools and higher education establishment. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarship and grants.

Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The stages of compulsory schooling in Russia are: primary education for ages 6-7 to 9-10 inclusive; and senior school for ages 10-11 to 12-13 inclusive, and senior school for ages 13-14 to 14-15 inclusive. If a pupil of secondary school wishes to go on in higher education, he or she must stay at school for two more years. Primary and secondary school together comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a "core curriculum" of academic subjects.

After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school which offer programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in a technical field, or a profession.

After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a gymnasium one can go into higher education. All applicants must take competitive exam. Higher education institution, that is institutes or universities, offer a 5-years programme of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidates degree or a doctoral degree.

FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL

MP3 AUDIO 3.2

1.

EMOTIONS	LAURIE LEE	PAUL PENNYFEATHER
agreeable         angry              bewildered brave               calm                clumsy defeated         delightful        eager embarrassed    fierce               grumpy happy              helpless           jolly lively               nervous           obedient obnoxious       panicky           proud relieved           repulsive         scary thankful          thoughtless     uptight victorious        worried           zealous	Grumpy Nervous Panicky Angry	Panicky Worried Angry

2. Comment on each emotion in the above task using the information in the audio stories.

Laurie Lee felt grumpy as he behaved too childish on his first day at school.

Laurie Lee felt nervous and panicky because it was his first day at school.

Laurie Lee felt angry after he had not receive a present from his teacher

Paul Pennyfeather was panicky and worried because it was his first day

Paul Pennyfeather was angry because of his students

3. It is a very strange school where the teacher should teach an unknown subject for him. Teachers are professionals of their subjects and spheres of knowledge but Paul is not in it. That is why I can think that the level of education in this very school is low.

LIVE AND LEARN

MP3 AUDIO 3.3

1. I think that it is a very topical problem in our society. Well, one of the common causes of truancy and disruptive behavior in children is the influence of friends and peers. Many times these peers are seen encouraging truancy as a status-seeking activity or as a way of joining in or blending in. The child's natural instinct to want to be a part of a larger crowd or group dynamic will take over, even if they are taught better habits. Moreover, relationships with teachers, seen as lacking respect/fairness, play a large factor in truancy rates among children. Often times this inability to get along with teachers and/or students will result in disciplinary problems which may lead to suspension, or expulsion. Besides, individual (personal) factors related to child truancy include: lack of self-esteem/social skills/confidence; poor peer relations; lack of academic ability; special needs; and lack of concentration/self-management skills. By the way, bullying is a prime component in the making of an unsafe school environment; if a child does not feel safe at school, or on the way to/from school, they are much more likely to become truant. 

1     Dr Greenway implies that some children who play truant

A   do so in order to earn money.

B    behave badly in public.

C   are never punished.

2    Why do some parents take their children on holiday during term time?

A   Because it's peak season.

B   To spend time together as a family.

C   To save money.

3    Why is it difficult for schools to convince students to attend regularly?

A   Parents set a bad example for them.

B   There is no good reason to attend.

C   Some teachers behave irresponsibly.

4    How has the government reacted to truancy?

A   They have been trying to stop it for years.

B   They are only just beginning to help.

C   They think it is too late to do anything.

5    Why are the government having talks with travel agents?

A   To convince them to offer parents cheap holidays.

B    To make sure that children don't play truant.

C   To get help from them in combating truancy.

6    What are the aims of 'behaviour improvement projects'?

A   To teach parents to be nwe responsible.

B   To teach students the lessons they have missed

C   To teach students to take school more serious

7    What does Dr Greenway say about the law against truancy?

A   The law is not strict enough.

B    Parents are not often prosecuted.

C    Many parents face criminal charges.

3. - more responsible parenting (everything comes from the family, if parents were good enough to explain children the importance of school, children wouldn’t miss it)

- teaching students to respect school (it’s strongly connected with parents’ responsibility because it’s their obligation)

- strict punishment (it’s sad but true that children and parents are often afraid only of punishment and only it can make them not break the rules)

- police involvement (it’s connected with the previous one when children are afraid of policemen and law)

- more interesting lessons (lessons can’t be uninteresting because every subject for children is something new)

MP3 AUDIO 3.4

It is clear that state school is free and available for every child while public school is expensive or even very expensive. Going to a public school a student has more abilities and his or her quality of education is higher so life chances are better. There are more opportunities in public school but its cost does not let everyone to study there.